Welcome to the Australian Ford Forums forum.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and inserts advertising. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members, respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features without post based advertising banners. Registration is simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please contact us.

Please Note: All new registrations go through a manual approval queue to keep spammers out. This is checked twice each day so there will be a delay before your registration is activated.

Go Back   Australian Ford Forums > General Topics > The Pub

The Pub For General Automotive Related Talk

Reply
 
Thread Tools Display Modes
Old 30-10-2021, 09:33 AM   #1
fgpsi
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Feb 2011
Location: Richmond, VIC
Posts: 1,669
Talking 2023 Z06 Corvette



coming to aus too !

https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-new...breathing-gmsv
fgpsi is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
3 users like this post:
Old 30-10-2021, 10:13 PM   #2
slowsnake
Banned
 
Join Date: Nov 2016
Location: Perth Australia
Posts: 3,618
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

As much as I love em and have owned a Vette, this new one just does not look like a Vette?..it seems now that cars all sort of look very similar, but I would own it, it would kill me at my age before I killed it at your age!.....
slowsnake is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 30-10-2021, 10:21 PM   #3
oldel
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Nov 2009
Location: Perth
Posts: 1,675
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

I don't really care for the car, but the engine is very interesting. Chev are going DOHC, high compression (12:1), flat plane crank, intake tricks, tuned headers, over square so high revving etc.
Basically they're going euro style with extra tricks on their own in the valve train. 670HP out of 5.5L (naturally aspirated).
That's more power than the old supercharged 6.2L LT1 in the last model.

Has heaps less torque though - but you'd expect that when no supercharger, smaller engine, less stroke. But yeah, that's the euro way for cars, and they have finally stopped putting a truck motor in a vette LOL.

E: Found this to flesh out the engine as I mentioned because no one else in the links given is talking about how.

Last edited by oldel; 30-10-2021 at 10:33 PM.
oldel is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 31-10-2021, 12:54 AM   #4
chevypower
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
chevypower's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2005
Location: Utah
Posts: 3,479
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by oldel View Post
they stopped putting a truck motor in a vette LOL.
The Stingray won’t change, and there’s nothing wrong with that motor either. Both have their place.
chevypower is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 31-10-2021, 07:36 AM   #5
slowsnake
Banned
 
Join Date: Nov 2016
Location: Perth Australia
Posts: 3,618
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

It may look good in the USA on a road built for it, but it looks like a track car to me, the Vette always represented a car that an average man could own, but they are built like a Ferrari or McClaren now, but in saying that it's still a Chevy, hopefully built at Bowling Green,
But I love the 1966 Vette, it's shape and styling fitted the 60's.
Big block Tri - power though, the later shape defines Corvette, 68 to 72 I thing the chrome bumpers, oh and L88.
slowsnake is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 31-10-2021, 07:40 AM   #6
DJM83
Barra Turbo > V8
Donating Member3
 
DJM83's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2005
Posts: 26,024
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

I reckon this model is a decent step backwards over the last one.
__________________
-2011 XR6 Turbo Ute - Lux Pack - M6
-2022 Hyundai Tucson Highlander Diesel N Line
DJM83 is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 31-10-2021, 09:45 AM   #7
nstg8a
3..2..1..
 
nstg8a's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2009
Location: Bellbird park
Posts: 7,218
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by DJM83 View Post
I reckon this model is a decent step backwards over the last one.

In what way?


Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk
__________________
Quote:
Originally Posted by pottery beige View Post
Happy mcgadget meal orphan mcboofhead
nstg8a is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 31-10-2021, 09:57 AM   #8
ivorya
Mad Scientist!
 
ivorya's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2005
Location: Newcastle
Posts: 2,863
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZigOVLFkTEM
ivorya is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 31-10-2021, 01:20 PM   #9
DJM83
Barra Turbo > V8
Donating Member3
 
DJM83's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2005
Posts: 26,024
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by nstg8a View Post
In what way?


Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk
Sorry.
Definitely meant looks wise.
I don't follow Corvettes enough to know the difference mechanically between the 2.
__________________
-2011 XR6 Turbo Ute - Lux Pack - M6
-2022 Hyundai Tucson Highlander Diesel N Line
DJM83 is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
2 users like this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 07:48 AM   #10
Polyal
The 'Stihl' Man
Donating Member2
 
Polyal's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2005
Location: TAS
Posts: 27,587
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by DJM83 View Post
Sorry.
Definitely meant looks wise.
I don't follow Corvettes enough to know the difference mechanically between the 2.
I agree, to me Corvette is FR but hey the results dont lie. But just looks like another generic sportscar now.
__________________
  • 2017 Toyota Prado (work hack)
  • 2017 Mitsubishi Pajero Sport
  • 2003 CL7 Honda Accord Euro R (JDM) - K20A 6MT
  • 1999 Lexus IS200 - 1G-FE Turbo 6MT
  • 1973 ZF Ford Fairlane
Polyal is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
2 users like this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 09:00 AM   #11
PooDog
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
PooDog's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2015
Location: nz
Posts: 1,873
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

I'll bet it screams ......see Ford thats how you do it ....oversquare bore change your fuc#ing tooling, we could have had so much more versatility with our vee eights
__________________
Fgx xr8 winter white manual, gone but not forgotten
22 mitsubishi outlander XLS PHEV

Au11 fairmont Ghia ported gt40p heads ,comp springs and locks
Xe 264 cam,custom intake,pacemaker tri y headers
524nm torque

19 Triton GSXR manual
PooDog is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 09:09 AM   #12
Franco Cozzo
Thailand Specials
 
Franco Cozzo's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2009
Location: Centrefold Lounge
Posts: 49,554
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Surely losing the supercharger and all that low down torque is a step backwards? What's the price of one of these in comparison to something like an Audi R8/Lamborghini Huracan? (In the US market)

I feel like the path they've gone with that powertrain puts them competing directly with European exotics rather than running their own race as a viable alternative with their forced induction V8 offering. It takes away the appeal of an American 'supercar' when you take away their typical thunderous, big engine, ****loads of torque style of making cars that they're known for.

Last edited by Franco Cozzo; 01-11-2021 at 09:15 AM.
Franco Cozzo is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
5 users like this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 09:19 AM   #13
PooDog
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
PooDog's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2015
Location: nz
Posts: 1,873
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

But just look at it looks just like a euro supercar , lightweight mega revs is obviously what theyre after with the flat plane crank , will be interesting what it does around the Nurburgring

Bet it sounds cool
__________________
Fgx xr8 winter white manual, gone but not forgotten
22 mitsubishi outlander XLS PHEV

Au11 fairmont Ghia ported gt40p heads ,comp springs and locks
Xe 264 cam,custom intake,pacemaker tri y headers
524nm torque

19 Triton GSXR manual
PooDog is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 09:42 AM   #14
slowsnake
Banned
 
Join Date: Nov 2016
Location: Perth Australia
Posts: 3,618
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

The Corvette is the same as the Mustang, Imagined in someone's mind in the 60's, then converted into a real living breathing monster, built for road or track, this Vette is a Vette by name only, at least the current stanger looks a bit like the original.
slowsnake is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 04:35 PM   #15
stevefreestyle
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Jan 2010
Location: Wollongong
Posts: 1,174
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by PooDog View Post
I'll bet it screams ......see Ford thats how you do it ....oversquare bore change your fuc#ing tooling, we could have had so much more versatility with our vee eights
So presumably you do not know that Ford beat GM to this configuration (only with 5.2L) in 2015 with the GT350, with a DOHC, 4Valve, FPC & 8250 Rpm Redline - based on the old Gen 1 Coyote?

Also sounds like you have no idea of the current Mustang GT Quad Cam 4 Valve with a redline of 7500?

BTW, the longer the stroke, the more the versatility with greater Torque - not less.
https://www.motorauthority.com/news/...29-lb-ft-video
__________________
Current: 2021 FN Mustang GT 10 Sp, Velocity Blue
Previous: 2017 FM Mustang GT

Last edited by stevefreestyle; 01-11-2021 at 04:42 PM.
stevefreestyle is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
3 users like this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 05:48 PM   #16
383hq
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Jul 2005
Posts: 569
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by Franco Cozzo View Post
Surely losing the supercharger and all that low down torque is a step backwards? What's the price of one of these in comparison to something like an Audi R8/Lamborghini Huracan? (In the US market)

I feel like the path they've gone with that powertrain puts them competing directly with European exotics rather than running their own race as a viable alternative with their forced induction V8 offering. It takes away the appeal of an American 'supercar' when you take away their typical thunderous, big engine, ****loads of torque style of making cars that they're known for.
Never fear, if you're in the market in the near term, you'll definately get aftermarket support for boost (perhaps just the generic C8 tho), but if you're prepared to wait and play to GM's timelines, they'll likely release a boosted Vette, Perhaps it'll be called a ZR1, or a Zora or..... in a few years time.

its a very successful strategy played by a few car makers recently - Porsche, AMG etc. Punters prefer the GT3 to the Porsche Turbo for this type of offering, which may be why they've gone down "that Euro path" However emissions laws changed driving the focus on boosted ICE for many. GM do admit they had reached their limits with the Front engine Rear drive strategy on this platform.

standard C8 rrp is circa $67k usd stateside (2LT) but circa $110k usd landed in Oz
383hq is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 01-11-2021, 06:03 PM   #17
PooDog
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
PooDog's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2015
Location: nz
Posts: 1,873
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by stevefreestyle View Post
So presumably you do not know that Ford beat GM to this configuration (only with 5.2L) in 2015 with the GT350, with a DOHC, 4Valve, FPC & 8250 Rpm Redline - based on the old Gen 1 Coyote?

Also sounds like you have no idea of the current Mustang GT Quad Cam 4 Valve with a redline of 7500?

BTW, the longer the stroke, the more the versatility with greater Torque - not less.
https://www.motorauthority.com/news/...29-lb-ft-video
Here's some research for you to do google what's an over square motor
__________________
Fgx xr8 winter white manual, gone but not forgotten
22 mitsubishi outlander XLS PHEV

Au11 fairmont Ghia ported gt40p heads ,comp springs and locks
Xe 264 cam,custom intake,pacemaker tri y headers
524nm torque

19 Triton GSXR manual
PooDog is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 06:13 PM   #18
PooDog
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
PooDog's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2015
Location: nz
Posts: 1,873
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

And by Versatility I was meaning an over square motor can be stroked to different capacities where the coyote is pidgeon holed as 1 capacity......I guess you could strike it smaller like the 4.6 l but why ? It's already small capacity
__________________
Fgx xr8 winter white manual, gone but not forgotten
22 mitsubishi outlander XLS PHEV

Au11 fairmont Ghia ported gt40p heads ,comp springs and locks
Xe 264 cam,custom intake,pacemaker tri y headers
524nm torque

19 Triton GSXR manual
PooDog is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 06:47 PM   #19
stevefreestyle
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Jan 2010
Location: Wollongong
Posts: 1,174
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by PooDog View Post
And by Versatility I was meaning an over square motor can be stroked to different capacities where the coyote is pidgeon holed as 1 capacity......I guess you could strike it smaller like the 4.6 l but why ? It's already small capacity
Yes, the 5.0 Coyote is a Square motor, and you cant do much with it to increase capacity over the 5.2L Voodoo or the 580Hp 5.2L Aluminator, although somehow DJR have streached it to 5.4L, however this would be going Undersquare (Longer Stroke). Although the old 5.4L Modular Boss 260-315 was Undersquare by around 14mm - and still was lively in the higher revs - the GT 315 to 6500 RPM!
__________________
Current: 2021 FN Mustang GT 10 Sp, Velocity Blue
Previous: 2017 FM Mustang GT

Last edited by stevefreestyle; 01-11-2021 at 06:54 PM.
stevefreestyle is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 01-11-2021, 09:12 PM   #20
WMD351
Size it up
 
WMD351's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2010
Location: big blue ball of mostly water
Posts: 591
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by PooDog View Post
I'll bet it screams ......see Ford thats how you do it ....oversquare bore change your fuc#ing tooling, we could have had so much more versatility with our vee eights
Not much but here's a little teaser for you
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iQqi9s2Q2E
WMD351 is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 09:50 PM   #21
MITCHAY
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: Canberra
Posts: 13,455
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

I love this car, I really do. But it looks nothing like a Corvette so it's a big ****en adjustment
MITCHAY is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
2 users like this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 10:12 PM   #22
Mulva
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Mar 2019
Posts: 604
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

I actually don't mind the looks. Certainly does not look like a Vette, but does look a lot like the exotics that sell for several $100k's (low-slung wedge-shaped cars that sell for two to three times the cost of the Vette, if not more).

Non-car people would look at it and assume it is a Ferrari...I'm serious when I say that.
Mulva is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
4 users like this post:
Old 01-11-2021, 10:29 PM   #23
oldel
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Nov 2009
Location: Perth
Posts: 1,675
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Yeah. Bare in mind affordable euro v8s are probably going to disappear soon as the mainstream (non supercar) euros automakers go to smaller engines or electric. This corvette is going into probably tapping into that market too.
oldel is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Old 01-11-2021, 10:47 PM   #24
MITCHAY
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: Canberra
Posts: 13,455
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

It looks really good. But a Corvette is Murica muscle and not a Euro supercar. Well that's the way I have always thought about it.
MITCHAY is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 02-11-2021, 08:24 AM   #25
PooDog
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
PooDog's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2015
Location: nz
Posts: 1,873
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by stevefreestyle View Post
So presumably you do not know that Ford beat GM to this configuration (only with 5.2L) in 2015 with the GT350, with a DOHC, 4Valve, FPC & 8250 Rpm Redline - based on the old Gen 1 Coyote?

Also sounds like you have no idea of the current Mustang GT Quad Cam 4 Valve with a redline of 7500?

BTW, the longer the stroke, the more the versatility with greater Torque - not less.
https://www.motorauthority.com/news/...29-lb-ft-video
Im no Chevy fan (check my signature) but this new LT6 mill is pretty impressive check these figures

Voodoo 5.2l
526hp@7500rpm
580nm@4750rpm
redline 8200rpm (from memory )

Chev LT6 5.5L
670HP@8400rpm
620nm@6300rpm
redline 8600rpm

interestingly theres a motortrend article about this mill that credits it being oversquare as one of its best features....you can see from the figures it doesnt lack for torque just higher up with an eight speed box behind it (thought they might have used the 10 speed) this thing will be a weapon around a track if it handles

sometimes its really hard work being a Ford fan , when i think back to when they designed the Modular series and decided to stick with the tooling and make small bore mills ,took a punt on mills getting smaller (no one thought there would be another big capacity v8 war) then rather than change their mind (realising they needed bigger mills for trucks etc ) they develop complete new engines eg 7.3L which must cost squillions more ?

look at the LS everytime engine labs or someone does a HP comparison LS/Coyote the LS cleans up because it can be stroked to 7 litre the little ford does well but lacks the versatility because of its bore size

I guess someone high up in Ford thinks its more important to save face than go back on a decision ......anyhoo guess the end of the ICE is nigh
__________________
Fgx xr8 winter white manual, gone but not forgotten
22 mitsubishi outlander XLS PHEV

Au11 fairmont Ghia ported gt40p heads ,comp springs and locks
Xe 264 cam,custom intake,pacemaker tri y headers
524nm torque

19 Triton GSXR manual
PooDog is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
2 users like this post:
Old 02-11-2021, 10:12 AM   #26
kypez
Donating Member
Donating Member2
 
kypez's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2005
Posts: 5,383
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

I'd have been keen if they came in a manual. Yes, slower than the Auto, but I enjoy Manuals; I don't enjoy Autos.
__________________
My Ford Family...
2014 GT-F, Manual, Kinetic with Black Stripes
2021 Mustang Mach 1, Manual, Velocity Blue
kypez is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
2 users like this post:
Old 02-11-2021, 10:39 AM   #27
fgpsi
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Feb 2011
Location: Richmond, VIC
Posts: 1,669
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

that sounds mad. like my vacuum cleaner

call me old fashioned but I reckon the stingray sounds better now especially with aftermarket exhaust

if i had the cash i'd buy a vette for the muscle car sound, not ferarri sounds
fgpsi is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 02-11-2021, 10:45 AM   #28
stevefreestyle
FF.Com.Au Hardcore
 
Join Date: Jan 2010
Location: Wollongong
Posts: 1,174
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by PooDog View Post
Im no Chevy fan (check my signature) but this new LT6 mill is pretty impressive check these figures

Voodoo 5.2l
526hp@7500rpm
580nm@4750rpm
redline 8200rpm (from memory )

Chev LT6 5.5L
670HP@8400rpm
620nm@6300rpm
redline 8600rpm

interestingly theres a motortrend article about this mill that credits it being oversquare as one of its best features....you can see from the figures it doesnt lack for torque just higher up with an eight speed box behind it (thought they might have used the 10 speed) this thing will be a weapon around a track if it handles

sometimes its really hard work being a Ford fan , when i think back to when they designed the Modular series and decided to stick with the tooling and make small bore mills ,took a punt on mills getting smaller (no one thought there would be another big capacity v8 war) then rather than change their mind (realising they needed bigger mills for trucks etc ) they develop complete new engines eg 7.3L which must cost squillions more ?

look at the LS everytime engine labs or someone does a HP comparison LS/Coyote the LS cleans up because it can be stroked to 7 litre the little ford does well but lacks the versatility because of its bore size

I guess someone high up in Ford thinks its more important to save face than go back on a decision ......anyhoo guess the end of the ICE is nigh
I agree firstly Ford made a big error by sticking to the previous 4.6 Bore Spacing (100mm?) to utilise existing production machinery, and secondly this GM thing is a serious engine, it is probably the reason Ford have discontinued the GT350. Although the GT350 Voodoo Redlines at 8250, which at the time was stratospheric, Ford should have made with it with Dual Throttle Bodies, as this GM now has.

However with the 5.2L GT350 Voodoo, Ford pioneered the "Affordable" Production V8 offering DOHC, 4 Valves, Coil On Plug, VVT, Wire Plasma Bore Lining, CNC High Flow Heads AND Flat Plane Crank, although was based on the early Gen 1 Coyote (which also had the Bore & Stroke limitations which you mention), and would no doubt benefit if it built was off the superior Gen 3 engine.

It will be interesting to see Ford's answer to this engine.
__________________
Current: 2021 FN Mustang GT 10 Sp, Velocity Blue
Previous: 2017 FM Mustang GT
stevefreestyle is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
This user likes this post:
Old 02-11-2021, 11:07 AM   #29
kypez
Donating Member
Donating Member2
 
kypez's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2005
Posts: 5,383
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Quote:
Originally Posted by fgpsi View Post
that sounds mad. like my vacuum cleaner
Sounds like you have a great sounding vacuum cleaner!

Sent from my Pixel 5 using Tapatalk
__________________
My Ford Family...
2014 GT-F, Manual, Kinetic with Black Stripes
2021 Mustang Mach 1, Manual, Velocity Blue
kypez is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
3 users like this post:
Old 02-11-2021, 07:37 PM   #30
slowsnake
Banned
 
Join Date: Nov 2016
Location: Perth Australia
Posts: 3,618
Default Re: 2023 Z06 Corvette

Just as a point of interest, the F1 Race cars between 2006 and 2013 were all oversguare, bore was 2.47 to 1 ratio from memory, then they changed to the poxy sound they make now, yuk, but you get used to it!
The most oversquare engine was a Ducati motor cycle, some ridiculous ratio I think was 1.84 to 1, no ****, forget model.
slowsnake is offline   Reply With Quote Multi-Quote with this Post
Reply


Forum Jump


All times are GMT +11. The time now is 04:34 PM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.5
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.
Other than what is legally copyrighted by the respective owners, this site is copyright www.fordforums.com.au
Positive SSL